Air pollution has become one of the most pressing environmental challenges of our time. It poses significant risks to both public health and the environment, contributing to millions of premature deaths globally. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that air pollution is responsible for approximately 7 million deaths annually, causing respiratory diseases, cardiovascular conditions, cancers, and intensifying the effects of climate change. Immediate global action is crucial to addressing this issue and safeguarding public health.
Bangladesh’s Air Pollution Crisis
In Bangladesh, air pollution, particularly in urban areas like Dhaka, has reached alarming levels. As of early 2024, Dhaka regularly surpasses hazardous air quality levels, with particulate matter (PM2.5) exceeding 200 micrograms per cubic meter—over four times the WHO’s safe threshold. Major contributors to this pollution include vehicle emissions, industrial activities, brick kilns, and the burning of crop residue.
The impact of air pollution in Bangladesh is evident beyond mortality rates. A surge in respiratory diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and an increase in cardiovascular conditions are significant public health concerns. Children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing health conditions are particularly vulnerable. The widespread pollution presents a serious obstacle to improving the overall health of the population.
Transition to Renewable Energy
One of the most effective strategies to combat air pollution is transitioning from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydropower. In Bangladesh, this shift is particularly urgent. As of 2024, approximately 60% of the country’s energy is sourced from natural gas, which contributes significantly to air pollution. While Bangladesh has made progress in renewable energy, with over 6 million solar home systems installed, the country must accelerate the adoption of cleaner energy alternatives. By increasing investments in solar and wind energy, Bangladesh can reduce its dependence on fossil fuels and help mitigate harmful emissions.
Improving Urban Planning and Transportation
Bangladesh’s rapidly growing urban centers, especially Dhaka, contribute heavily to air pollution. Traffic congestion, combined with insufficient industrial emissions regulation, worsens the air quality. A 2024 World Bank study estimated the economic cost of air pollution in Dhaka, including healthcare and lost productivity, exceeds $3 billion annually. To address this, Bangladesh must prioritize better urban planning, including expanding public transportation networks and promoting electric vehicles (EVs). Inspired by cities like Amsterdam and Oslo, where EV adoption has soared, Dhaka can reduce traffic congestion and air pollution.
Moreover, urban areas should be designed to encourage walking and cycling, thus reducing reliance on private vehicles. The creation of green spaces in cities can also help mitigate the urban heat island effect and filter pollutants.
Strengthening Industrial Regulations
Industries are a major source of air pollution in Bangladesh, contributing to nearly 40% of the country’s CO2 emissions. Many factories continue to use outdated technologies, emitting high levels of pollutants. The government must enforce stricter emissions standards and incentivize industries to adopt cleaner technologies. Offering financial incentives, tax breaks, and grants can help accelerate the shift toward greener practices in the industrial sector.
Global Collaboration and Education
Air pollution is a global issue that requires international cooperation. Pollutants can travel vast distances, as seen in the haze caused by forest fires in Indonesia, affecting neighboring countries. Therefore, global collaboration is essential to establish universal air quality standards and share technological solutions. Developed nations must take the lead by providing financial and technological support to developing countries like Bangladesh.
Public education is equally important. By raising awareness about the health risks of air pollution and encouraging sustainable practices, individuals can make a significant impact on reducing pollution levels.
The fight against air pollution requires the collective effort of governments, industries, and individuals. Bangladesh must take immediate action by transitioning to renewable energy, improving urban planning, enforcing stricter industrial regulations, and educating the public. The time to act is now. Only through decisive action can we ensure a cleaner, healthier, and more sustainable world for future generations.
The writer is a student of Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB).
BDST: 1602 HRS, JAN 24, 2025
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